Where did the carbon dioxide originate -- directly underneath? To take out trees like that, wouldn't it need to be either a) incredibly concentrated or b) persisting over a long period of time? If a), wouldn't that area be cordoned off like the fumarole or is there a skull-and-crossbones sign nearby?The dead tree stumps in foreground were killed by a surge of carbon dioxide like that which killed those patrollers at the fumarole.